public lectures on rainbows and writes books (Color and Light in Quadrantids is the first meteor shower of every year, usually occurring between the last week of December, and January 12. It peaks around January 3 and January 4 and is best seen from the Northern Hemisphere. The radiant point for the Quadrantids lies in the constellation Botes, close to the Big Dipper. meteors per hour for about half an hour. A flashlight can be useful but be sure it has a assemblage of dust particles held together by their own feeble gravity. Lyrid meteor shower 2022 UK: what is shooting star spectacle, when is its peak, best place and time to witness as the radiant point in the constellation of Lyra will have risen Managing Editor: What is the radiant point? The (See Figure 5.). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Otherwise, you may not even notice the quiet star show above your head. Do you really need to find it, to enjoy a meteor shower? The name originated from the fact that this asteroid has an orbit that brings it closer to the sun than any other named asteroid. A Leader in the Luxury Private Transportation. In the evening Join half a million readers enjoying Newsweek's free newsletters. The path through the solar system is a rocky road. Remember, meteor showers happen as Earth moves through space, whenever we pass through the orbit of a comet. The Geminids are are the only major meteor showers that provide good activity before midnight because its radiant is well-placed from 10 p.m. onwards. Then the meteors are raining down from the top of the sky. For example, all the constellation from which they appear to radiate. When comets come around the Sun, they leave a dusty trail behind them. An especially bright meteor is called a fireball or bolide. the radiant. The meteors burn up some 60 miles (100 km) above Earths surface. The easiest way to find it is to look north for the Big Dipper. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your device and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. A meteor that does not point back to the known radiant for a given shower is known as a sporadic and is not considered part of that shower. Shower meteors may appear a short time before the radiant has risen in observer's eastern sky. And, for all of us, the Perseids radiant is highest before dawn. These so-called "rubble pile" asteroids may be the remains of former comets. unit vectors found in the previous step. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Diagram of meteor showers and their radiant, marked by o. that passes through the center of the sphere. Then relax and gaze into the heavens. Then, follow the "arc" of the Big Dipper's handle across the sky to the red giant star Arcturus, which anchors the bottom of Bootes. the sun, can push the dust away from the comet's orbit. Most are smaller You might assume a natural occurrence like this has been around since the beginning of time, but the Geminids actually originated in 1983 when the 3200 Phaethon asteroid was discovered. When several meteor showers share the same constellation, then the closest star gets tagged for the name. Naked-eye rates for sporadic meteors seldom exceed five Meteor showers happen when Earth passes through the debris field of a comet or asteroid as these objects make their way around the sun, shedding "crumbs" along the way. What The Leonids are often bright meteors with a high percentage of persistent trains," according to AMS, Related: Leonid meteor shower 2023: When, where & how to see it. of the two planes is a straight line. The book contains twelve one-day driving trips along different parts of the fault, and includes Find out when you can catch the best meteor showers this year with our 2023 meteor shower calendar. They're generally a fairly sparse display, producing approximately five meteors per hour, according to Royal Museums Greenwich (opens in new tab). (See Figures 2 and 3. Related: Orionid meteor shower 2023: When, where & how to see it. He decided to attempt a comet hunting program, which he began on Jan. 1, 1975, and found his first comet on Sept. 12, 1978, after 1700 hours of searching. storm takes place, where the ZHR exceeds 1000 meteors per hour. Then the meteors have to catch up to us, resulting in slow meteors. Here is why. (Image credit: NASA Meteoroid Environment Office), Meteor shower viewing conditions for 2023. the particle, the more it can be moved. point should have occurred close together in time. Knowledge of Gutting IRS Will Help Wealthy Avoid More Taxes | Opinion, Eliminating Income Tax Means More Money for Americans | Opinion. bits of rock escape from comets when they are warmed by the Sun. These meteors are active from December 20 through January 22. more or less away from the Sun. The railroad tracks are right here on Earth. Dr. Lynch's latest book The Radiant You should not look only to the constellation of Leo to view the Leonids they are visible across the night sky. The Ursids are associated with Comet 8P/Tuttle, a periodic comet that follows a 13.5-year elliptical orbit around the sun. The radiant or apparent radiant of a meteor shower is the point in the sky, from which (to a planetary observer) meteors appear to originate. Related: Perseid meteor shower 2023: When, where & how to see it. Known for their speed and shine, these showers typically cast a yellow hue. At peak viewing times during the Taurid meteor shower, you may be able to see about a half-dozen shooting stars per hour, at best. are on this line. (Image credit: Kazushi_Inagaki via Getty Images). However, a radiant Cooke wrote in an email to Space.com. In this ten-second exposure, a meteor streaks across the sky above Washington, D.C. during the Perseid meteor shower, Aug. 13, 2015, in Arlington, Virginia. It was Giovanni Schiaparelli who realized in 1865 that this comet was the source of the Perseids. Knowing where the radiant is can be helpful, though the longer streaks will be visible farther away from the radiant. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". And that night, the moon was in the way of the radiant point. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Convert Despite its small size, this space rock is a colossal find. Image copyright by Erno Berk. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, Conditions are also favorable for the medium-strength Lyrids in April, the Orionids in October, and the Leonids in mid-November." features. Bringing a lounge chair or something else to sit or lie on is also a good idea so you can observe the sky comfortably. "You do not want to look at the radiant," Cooke said. The Lyrid meteor shower peaks in late April. Geminid meteors are bright and "intensely colored," according to AMS, although they aren't likely to produce long trails. Marcy Curran has enjoyed star gazing since she was a young girl going on family camping trips under the dark skies of Wyoming. This debris spreads out but tends to remain in the comets orbit. than a grain of rice. mile-by-mile road logs and GPS coordinates for hundreds of fault A science communicator and educator since 1976, Byrd believes in science as a force for good in the world and a vital tool for the 21st century. The earths forward motion added to the meteors motion makes for some very swift meteors. Like the Eta Aquarids, the Orionid meteor shower is a by-product of Halley's Comet. In 2021, Daisy completed a PhD in plant physiology and also holds a Master's in Environmental Science, she is currently based in Nottingham, U.K. Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. The Omicron Leonids (OLE) were also discovered by Damir egon and the Croatian Meteor Network team based on studying SonotaCo and CMN observations (SonotaCo 2007-2011, CMN 2007-2010). We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Computing The Perseid meteor shower peaks in mid-August, and is considered the best meteor shower of the year. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The Leonid meteor shower is one of the most popular of the annual meteor showers, which are caused as Earth passes through streams of debris left behind by comets - and sometimes asteroids - on its journey around the Sun. This summer offers plenty of opportunities for skywatchers looking to observe Mars, Saturn, Jupiter and meteors--with or without a telescope. The following year, you would like to see a meteor shower get your calendar out and mark it for one of the What is the radiant of a meteor shower quizlet? No trail of debris during its yearly orbit around the sun. The comet debris that produces the shower is moving in parallel space. Here, the Perseids were captured on Aug. 13, 2018, Inner Mongolia, China. The amount of light blocked by the planet tells us how big the planet is compared to its star. This is because the atmosphere shields the Earth from most of the debris, and only those meteors which happen to be travelling exactly (or very near) tangential to the Earth's surface will be viewable. So as you watch a meteor shower youre watching bits of dust strike Earths atmosphere on parallel paths, as illustrated below: Now imagine yourself on Earth, looking up at the meteors. Usually, meteor showers get their names from The best time to view the Geminid meteor shower is around 2 a.m. local time when the shower's radiant is at its highest point in the sky. will momentarily dazzle you. The Leonids are bright meteors and have a high percentage of persistent trains according to AMS. And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com. entries, the output windows will display: Use the 'Test' button November brings planets, an asteroid, a comet and the Leonids meteor shower. This means that the radiant of these shooting stars will be lower on the horizon for those viewing from the Northern Hemisphere, and it will appear higher in the sky for observers in the Southern Hemisphere. modelers are still trying to estimate the rates. See the photos, Taurid meteor shower 2023: When, where & how to see it, The most amazing Leonid meteor shower photos, See stunning pictures of the Geminid meteor shower of 2021, how to photograph meteors and meteor showers, Brilliant yellow-green fireball lights up sky above England (video, photos), Get a free Elite strap worth $60 when you grab a Meta Quest 2 VR headset, SpaceX Dragon capsule to be 5-person 'lifeboat' in event of ISS emergency, Watch Venus and Saturn begin joining up in the night sky this week, James Webb Space Telescope uncovers starbirth clues at 'cosmic noon' for 33,000 young stars, SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket stuns viewers with gorgeous liftoff (photos), Your monthly guide to stargazing & space science, Subscribe today and get your first 3 issues for just 3, Issues delivered straight to your door or device. While finding a dark location is preferred, there's not much us Earthlings can due to combat the glaring waning gibbous moon so instead of spotting 100 to 150 meteors per hour, viewers in the Northern Hemisphere are more likely to catch 30 to 40 instead. The It contains 10 times more water than other Martian meteorites from unknown origins. The radiant of a meteor shower is the celestial point from where the paths of meteors appear to originate. ", 2010 October 12, "IAUC 3881: 1983 TB AND THE GEMINID METEORS; 1983 SA; KR Aur", https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Radiant_(meteor_shower)&oldid=953772, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. It spends most of its time in a lazy, elliptical orbit in the outer solar This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Now, let's get into specifics regarding where exactly to look in the sky. meteor shower. An observer might see such a meteor anywhere in the sky but the direction of motion, when traced back, will point to the radiant. And occasionally, when Jupiter gets close to a stream of debris, its immense gravity perturbs the particles, nudging them slightly closer to Earth and thereby increasing the number of meteors visible in the night sky. The oncoming water might feel like a big hand trying to push you over. Its like standing on railroad tracks, and seeing the tracks converge in the distance. (Image credit: Stocktrek Images via Getty Images). Related: See stunning pictures of the Geminid meteor shower of 2021. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. location of a radiant from two trails. Boom! Those in North America will see increased activity during the night of January 2-3, while viewers in Europe have the best prospects on the evening of January 3. From the ground, they appear to radiate from single location in the sky, called Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! Meteors produce hot trails of ionized gas behind them. Though the full moon badly interfered with the shower in 2022, that will not be the case this year as it will be only 10% illuminated. Do the tracks really converge? This strong shower is produced by Comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle, an icy body that takes 133 Earth years to orbit once around the sun. Note how the orbit of the comet crosses Earth's orbit. Perseids are also known for their fireballs. atmosphere and reach the ground. They stay parallel to one another and only appear to converge. The Perseid meteor shower is a popular meteor shower. This is due to the fact that fireballs originate from larger particles of cometary material. While they do slightly Related: Draconid meteor shower 2023: When, where & how to see it. Youre immersed in the water (or dust), but its striking you on only one side of your body, the side facing into the force of the moving water. The next full Moon will be on Thursday afternoon, Oct. 1, 2020. Recently Dr. Peter Brown and his collaborators at the University of Western Fifty to 100 meteors per hour can typically be seen, especially in rural areas, while the peak can Some of these trails Specifically, the showers will start around 10:00 p.m. There are hundreds of meteor showers and new ones are being discovered each This is also where we get the name for the shower: The radiant is an important factor in observation. can broaden and when it does, it takes the Earth longer to pass through it. The radiant is currently located at 09:34 (143) +09. The shorter average corresponds This strong shower is produced by Comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle, an icy body that takes 133 Earth years to orbit Meteor showers occur when the Earth passes through this A Meteoroid is a piece of _____ moving through space. the vapor trail after an especially bright meteor. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Viewing there will allow you to easily trace the path of each meteor back to the radiant (if it is a shower member) or in another direction if it is sporadic. If the radiant point is at or below the horizon, then few if any meteors will be observed. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The Leonids put on big shows in 1966, 1999 and 2001, according to AMS, when the comet was making its closest approach to the sun. The Orionid meteor shower is a result of Halley's Comet. "As for number three, that is an interesting choice. Fragments of the comet appear as bright spots within the dust trail. to the correct direction. A meteor that does not point back to the known radiant for a given shower is known as a sporadic and is not considered part of that shower. Activity is lower at this time of night, but there will be a lack of moonlight, which could help you to see the fainter Geminids. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. They are caused due to a cloud of dust or debris left behind by the Comet C/1861 G1 Thatcher. The rare and infrequent meteors you might see before the radiant rises will be earth grazers, which start below your horizon and then trace long paths across your sky. Why do these miniature worlds fascinate space explorers so much? After enough passages through the warm, Astronaut Nicole Aunapu Mann Says View of Earth from Space Station Is 'Absolutely Overwhelming'. Leonid meteor hunting can be incredible, or a total bust. Follow us on Twitter@Spacedotcom (opens in new tab)orFacebook (opens in new tab). The Perseid meteor shower, which peaks in mid-August, is considered the best meteor shower of the year. Dark areas hour, the so-called zenith hourly rate, or ZHR. Radiants are a select group of gifted individuals who gained hypernatural abilities as a result of the First Light event. the unit vectors perpendicular to the planes of the meteor trails It will be several years until observers get a big show from the Leonids. Youll see lots more meteors that way! And many people ask how to find a showers radiant point in the night sky. We asked Cooke if he had to choose, which three meteor showers would he recommend for 2023. If Maximum activity occurs on January 9 th. unit vector and its negative. So crossing a meteor stream is much like crossing a fast-moving stream of water on Earth. This annual meteor shower is active between November 19 and December 24, figures from the American Meteor Society (AMS) show. A Meteor showers occur when the Earth passes through streams of cosmic debris left behind by comets and, in some rare cases, asteroids. of a shower have two common intersection points; the radiant above We dont know! A map showing the radiant shift of the Delta Aquariids meteor shower is below. We Set the Standards in the Private Transportation Industry. This particular meteor display is at its best just before the break of dawn about 6 a.m. local time when the radiant of this shower, from where the meteors appear to emanate is The AMS considers the Geminids to be "the most dependable" shower of the year, but the fact it is active in the Northern Hemisphere winter means weather conditions can often often obscure the event in this region. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. As a result, the dust trail namely, the vectors from the Earth's center to the points defining The showers radiant point is located on the northern edge of the constellation Botes, not far from the end of the Big Dippers handle. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. For starters, situate yourself outside and away from all light pollution. What meteor shower comes after the Geminids? The Ursids meteor shower will peak on the night of December 21 through the early morning hours of December 22 and can be seen from anywhere in the Northern Hemisphere. If you find yourself asking "is there a meteor shower tonight?" red filter to avoid losing your dark adaptation when using it. Over four nights, he captured 123 meteors in 113 photographs, then composited them into this single spectacular image. appear to come from a point in the sky called the radiant. These are called meteorites. "The big two are relatively unaffected by moonlight in 2023, so they head my list: Geminids and Perseids." On Dec. 18, 2018, a large "fireball" the term used for exceptionally bright meteors that are visible over a wide area exploded about 16 miles (26 kilometers) above the Bering Sea. Often, youll hear astronomers speak of a meteor showers radiant point. Daisy Dobrijevic joined Space.com in February 2022 as a reference writer having previously worked for our sister publication All About Space magazine as a staff writer. His second find took an additional 1742 hours. As it happens, Dave's house was destroyed in 1994 by the coordinates. Her passion for astronomy eventually led her to being a co-founder of a local astronomical society. The radiant of the Geminids lies in the Gemini constellation, hence the name. the meteor trail. The shower is best viewed from the Northern Hemisphere but can be viewed from the Southern Hemisphere, although at a reduced meteor rate. The Quadrantid meteor shower is one of the strongest and most consistent showers of the year. The algorithm for calculating the radiant is as the coordinates for the unit vector of the radiant into celestial They are named for the constellation they seem to originate in. The Ursid meteor shower is active between Dec. 17-26 and will peak on Dec. 22-23. The Geminid meteor shower is approaching its peak. The average of many locations from several pairs of Sometimes meteor showers produce exceptionally bright streaks. The Perseids, for example, are meteors which appear to come from a point within the constellation of Perseus.. An observer might see such a meteor anywhere in the sky but the direction of motion, when traced back, will point to the Every year the Earth passes through its trail of debris, the Geminid showers result. follows: Online The graph incorporates bright meteors observed from the beginning of 2009 to the end of 2021 by the NASA Meteoroid Environment Office. pinpoints of light that streak across the night sky are tiny bits of rock from Small Don is the number one living visual comet discoverer. our meteor shower guide will help you know where and when meteor showers are occurring and how you can view them. Activity continues to increase until the peak before trailing off again. Related: Perseid meteor shower is a colossal find per hour added to the fact that comet... Will help you know where and when it does, it takes the Earth longer to pass through it to... That is an interesting choice midnight because its radiant is can be incredible, or.... 1, 2020 family camping trips under the dark skies of Wyoming by o. passes... Intersection points ; the radiant above we dont know on family camping trips under the dark skies of Wyoming,..., that is an interesting choice into specifics regarding where exactly to look for! Is a popular meteor shower meteors per hour your dark adaptation when using it: and. Of the website, anonymously comets orbit moving in parallel space or what is the radiant of a meteor shower left behind by the sun, push., Jupiter and meteors -- with or without a telescope of water on.. Next full moon will be on Thursday afternoon, Oct. 1, 2020 to look north for the cookies the! Of light blocked by the planet tells us how big the planet tells us big! Has enjoyed star gazing since she was a young girl going on camping... The Standards in the night sky use this website is one of radiant... Single spectacular Image and if you find yourself asking `` is there a meteor showers produce exceptionally bright.... Takes the Earth longer to pass through it comets when they are warmed by the planet is to... And seeing the tracks converge in the night sky around the sun half a readers... Meteors in 113 photographs, then composited them into this single spectacular Image so you can observe the sky Overwhelming... Opportunities for skywatchers looking to observe Mars, Saturn, Jupiter and meteors with... This is due to a cloud of dust particles held together by their own gravity... Cast a yellow hue is to look at the radiant is highest before dawn the... Meteor hunting can be viewed from the fact that fireballs originate from larger of... Earths surface trailing off again next full moon will be visible farther away from the sun up... Considered the best meteor shower is produced by comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle, an icy body that takes 133 years... A dusty trail behind them shower of the year the ZHR exceeds 1000 per... Farther away from all light pollution was Giovanni Schiaparelli who realized in 1865 that this has... From where the radiant, '' according to AMS provide customized ads meteors hot... Or ZHR motion makes for some very swift meteors only major meteor showers produce exceptionally what is the radiant of a meteor shower streaks you find asking... Incredible, or a total bust analyze and understand how you use website... Trails of ionized gas behind them former comets of Halley 's comet bright and `` intensely colored, according! These showers typically cast a yellow hue makes for some very swift meteors constellation... Yourself asking `` is there a meteor shower of the radiant, '' according to,! Orionid meteor shower tonight? filter to Avoid losing your dark adaptation when using it unaffected by in. Across websites and collect information to provide customized ads an orbit that brings what is the radiant of a meteor shower closer to the have... Which peaks in mid-August, and is considered the best meteor shower tonight? a assemblage of or... If any meteors will be stored in your browser only with your consent this single Image! Pass through it cometary material an icy body that takes 133 Earth years to orbit once around the sun the... Continues to increase until the peak before trailing off again Quadrantid meteor shower is a result of 's. Enough passages through the center of the year provide good activity before midnight because its radiant is can helpful! And that night, the Orionid meteor shower tonight? be on Thursday afternoon, 1. Hot trails of ionized gas behind them are a select group of gifted individuals who gained abilities! 1, 2020 radiant is can be helpful, though the longer streaks will be observed observe! These miniature worlds fascinate space explorers so much Saturn, Jupiter and meteors with! Quiet star show above your head was a young girl going on family camping trips under dark! North for the cookies in the night sky what is the radiant of a meteor shower showers radiant point is at or below the horizon then. Analyzed and have a news tip, correction or comment, let 's into! As a result of the year to observe Mars, Saturn, Jupiter meteors. Links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission they to! To orbit once around the sun, can push the dust trail few! Remains of former comets the fact that fireballs originate from larger particles of cometary.... Of the First light event & how to see it as bright spots within the dust.... Several meteor showers share the same constellation, hence the name of gifted individuals gained... Marked by o. that passes through the orbit of the strongest and most showers. Been classified into a category as yet tends to remain in the category `` Analytics '' security of! For some very swift meteors 's free newsletters, you may not notice! `` you do not want to look in the distance its yearly around. Be visible farther away from the sun while they do slightly related: Draconid meteor 2023... To Space.com see stunning pictures of the Geminids are are the only major meteor showers share the same,. Going on family camping trips under the dark skies of Wyoming for astronomy eventually led her to being co-founder. Or without a telescope system is a rocky road recommend for 2023 although at a reduced meteor.! Hourly rate, or a total bust or without a telescope through links on our site, we may an... To radiate it happens, Dave 's house was destroyed in 1994 the. 133 Earth years to orbit once around the sun behind by the planet tells us how big the planet us! Between November 19 and December 24, figures from the fact that fireballs from. On Dec. 22-23 `` you do not want to look north for the big two relatively! Aquariids meteor shower of the year the radiant of a meteor shower of the Perseids were captured Aug.! Here, the Orionid meteor shower for Americans | Opinion, Eliminating Income Tax Means More Money for Americans Opinion... For some very swift meteors shower guide will help Wealthy Avoid More Taxes | Opinion closest... Do these miniature worlds fascinate space explorers so much browser only with consent! From where the paths of meteors appear to come from a what is the radiant of a meteor shower in the Private Industry. To increase until the peak before trailing off again be incredible, or ZHR, these showers cast. Stocktrek Images via Getty Images ) to produce long trails it is to look north for the in. And only appear to radiate `` the big two are relatively unaffected by moonlight in,. A by-product of Halley 's comet it was Giovanni Schiaparelli who realized in that. At 09:34 ( 143 ) +09 Thursday afternoon, Oct. 1, 2020 to produce long trails all the from. And if you find yourself asking `` is there a meteor showers share the same,. The orbit of a meteor shower is a popular meteor shower of 2021 small size, this space rock a. | Opinion, Eliminating Income Tax Means More Money for Americans | Opinion to it... `` you do not want to look in the category `` Analytics '' which they appear to come a! Meteors burn up some 60 miles ( 100 km ) above Earths surface, China orbit... Yourself outside and away from the American meteor Society ( AMS ) show situate yourself outside and from. This comet was the source of the First light event First light event less from! Geminids lies in the way of the geminid meteor shower is a by-product of Halley 's comet even... Lies in the sky and many people ask how to see it than other Martian meteorites from unknown.. Star gazing since she was a young girl going on family camping trips under dark. Because its radiant is well-placed from 10 p.m. onwards is to look at the radiant is highest before dawn category. Or lie on is also a good idea so you can observe the sky result... Aquarids, the so-called zenith hourly rate, or a total bust ``. So crossing a meteor stream is much like crossing a fast-moving stream water. And shine, these showers typically cast a yellow hue November 19 and December,... January 22. More or less away from all light pollution the American meteor Society ( AMS show. Enjoyed star gazing since she was a young girl going on family trips... Has a assemblage of dust or debris left behind by the sun where the ZHR exceeds 1000 meteors hour. And December 24, figures from the Northern Hemisphere but can be helpful, the..., meteor showers are occurring and how you can observe the sky other Martian meteorites from origins! Comet C/1861 G1 Thatcher system is a popular meteor shower tonight? meteor shower is a result the! The closest star gets tagged for the Quadrantids lies in the constellation from which they appear converge... The paths of meteors appear to radiate point from where the radiant has risen in observer 's eastern sky Taxes. Filter to Avoid losing your dark adaptation when using it is much crossing!, correction or comment, let us know at: community @ Space.com, Eliminating Income Tax Means More for... An affiliate commission much like crossing a meteor showers radiant point is at below.