The first step is the synthesis of oligomers (polymers with few repeating monomer units) from the linear alpha-olefin. Synfluid PAOs, in addition to NSF H1 qualification, are also available as kosher approved products. Adding a PPD will reduce the pour point of a mineral oil, but it still will not achieve the performance of a PAO. This is just one of the many performance advantages of Synfluid mPAO. The table below shows how our new Synfluid mPAOs offer significant advantages in pour point and viscosity index over conventional high-viscosity PAOs. Polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and polyalphaolefin (PAO) are two synthetic lubricant options for industrial applications. When PAO 5 and PAO 7 are compared to equiviscous blends of other PAOs, the volatility advantage can be seen more clearly. In a comparison of gear lubricants, PAOs reduced the effective operating temperature by as much as 10 20C. The price of Polyalphaolefin (PAO) has been steadily decreasing throughout the third quarter of 2022 on the back of the poor performance of the downstream automotive sector in the continent. Polyalphaolefin is by far the most common major synthetic base oil used in industrial and automotive lubricants. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 164 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 792.0 612.0]/Type/Page>> The absence of these structures and materials results in a very non-polar base oil with a high viscosity index (of approximately 130), excellent low-temperature flow and pour-point characteristics, good oxidation stability and compatibility with mineral oils, paints and seals commonly found in lube oil systems. 0000034812 00000 n
Some claim the Viscosity Index (VI) is the overriding parameter used when choosing a base oil. High-viscosity PAO fluids have also become popular in industrial fluids and greases. 0000036005 00000 n
The most favorable performance is achieved by using the highest-quality base oils. <> polyalphaolefin compatibility chart. News & Technology for the Global Energy Industry. 95 0 obj 0000048689 00000 n
<>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 162 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 792.0 612.0]/Type/Page>> This is a far greater benefit than can be achieved from other base oils. The current trend toward lower viscosities, while providing for extended drain capabilities, does present an interesting challenge for base oils. startxref
Adobe PDF Library 10.0.1 Fluid distribution panels are also discussed. Chemical Compatibility Guide - Galvanized Steel For UltraTech Spill Containment Products This listing was prepared to provide guidance to the chemical compatibility of UltraTech Spill Containment Products which are manufactured and constructed of galvanized steel. endobj We agree, deciphering the requirements that allow you to identify your products as eco-friendly such as the upcoming BioPreferred label can be mind-boggling! As temperature decreases, a higher VI fluid will have reduced viscous drag, which could lead to higher horsepower and energy efficiency. The plot below shows a comparison of the air release times exhibited by ISO VG 320 blends composed of our Synfluid mPAOs, and traditional HV PAOs with PAO 8 cSt. Based on recent average gas prices, conserving just 1% to 2% of the U.S. fuel consumption per year would save $14 million per day. To improve fuel economy, OEMs are moving toward lower-viscosity oils, even in heavy-duty diesel engines. The limits on lowering the viscosity grade are tied to the base oil properties. Not a subscriber or a registered user yet? The VI trend is only true for a family of base oils. Leaking fluids from equipment used in sensitive geographical areas can have long-term negative consequences on the environment. III F challenge formulators, and their suppliers, to step up performance for the next generation of engine oils. PAO-based lubricants offer a significant advantage in oxidative stability. As the chart below shows, greater energy efficient, lower viscosity oils can be made through the selection of PAO, without sacrificing volatility. For instance, Chemtool Incorporated utilizes Synfluid PAOs in greases, and they have been able to formulate their products to take specific advantage of Synfluid PAO properties, yielding improvements in low-temperature mobility and torque. Sometimes, one plus one can equal more than two. Engine oil tests such as VW T-4 and Seq. It is true there are many high-quality base oils around, but the highest quality is still achieved when Synfluid PAOs are chosen. 0000001764 00000 n
This resistance to fire and flame propagation improves the margin of safety in the event of a hydraulic leak. In addition, a PAO-based multi-purpose grease can be formulated to be both H1 and kosher approved. %PDF-1.4
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General properties of low- and high-viscosity conventional PAO, and metallocene-catalyzed mPAO basestocks, are shown in Table 4. Blending lower-quality base oils into this formulation would compromise the passing mark. Sorry, you need to enable JavaScript to visit this website. PAOs on the other hand are derived from a clearly defined processing technology using petrochemically pure alpha olefins. 9 0 obj
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esters or alkylated naphthalenes) to improve their solvency and deposit control. PAO basestocks were developed in the 1930s and used commercially as a base for engine oils starting in the 1970s. Recent advancements in additive technology and synthetic base fluid manufacturing are pushing the performance edges that make current lubricant offerings better than ever. 0000055257 00000 n
Softening, loss of strength, or swelling may occur. 0000001726 00000 n
General properties of water-soluble, water-insoluble, and oil-soluble PAG basestocks are shown in Table 1. Chevron Phillips Chemical has been producing two families of PAOs for close to 25 years. For instance, a 100 percent aminic antioxidant package will yield the best performance in the Rbot test for PAO. hence, compatibility with base-oil molecules like PAO oil is improved. While typical hydraulic oils are not biodegradable, this new system achieves the ultimate biodegradation rating (ASTM D5864 PW1) and even improves several performance parameters, not previously attainable. Nine standard circulating fluids including d-Limonene, FC77 Flourinert, Galden, Lexol 408, Paratherm CR, Coolanol and PAO. This property coupled with excellent oxidative stability provides a formidable component in an engine oil formulators toolbox. Synfluid PAOs are designed to provide stable viscosities at low temperature and excellent viscometrics and deliver oxidative stability. Group IIIB was unable to consistently pass the TDI or M111 tests. 304 Stainless Steel Chemical Compatibility Chart ver 28-Oct-2022 Key to General Chemical Resistance - All data is based on ambient or room temperature conditions, about 64F (18C) to 73F (23C) A = Excellent C = Fair - Moderate Effect, not recommended Polyalphaolefin is by far the most common major synthetic base oil used in industrial and automotive lubricants. Polyalphaolefin Characteristics Each 10C temperature rise can reduce oxidative stability by half. A run through the test: The mineral oil has both lighter and heavier molecular weight materials. 1 - High Resistance 2 - Limited Resistance 3 - No Resistance . <> The difference in the CCS viscosity at -35C is 15 percent, which is substantial. 0000018828 00000 n
We offer a wide range of solutions essential to your products. This is a recurring situation and is what led to the development of 1-dodecene based Synfluid PAOs in 1995. Therefore, reducing the temperature is generally beneficial in extending the life of a lubricant. For example, the fraction that has predominantly the 1-decene trimer (C30 oligomer) has a 100C viscosity of 4 cSt and is known as PAO 4. PAO fluids are classified as a Group IV base oil and are made by a two-step reaction process using linear alpha-olefins like 1-decene. If a polyurea-based thickener is chosen in conjunction with a synthetic base oil, such as a polyalphaolefin (PAO), there is no compatibility risk to be expected. While viscosity improvers can enhance VI, they can break down over time, resulting in diminished performance. 0000035588 00000 n
184 0 obj To mitigate this effect, We recommend taking a look at Synfluid PAO 5 and PAO 7, due to their excellent Noack volatilities of 5.5% and 2.3%, respectively. Chemical Compatibility Guide 0000036701 00000 n
Synfluid PAOs are crafted from an on-purpose process that yields a consistent, high-quality product. These advantages are achieved without the need for VI improvers or other additives, which may promote other deleterious effects as they degrade. 0000042568 00000 n
Specifically, soybean-derived oils or other bio-derived oils alone would not meet some oxidative stability and low-temperature performance requirements. In contrast, a mineral oil will require various antioxidants depending upon the structural makeup. endobj 165 0 obj Process Chemical Compatibility Guide 0000004968 00000 n
The direct feedstock (normal alpha olefin - NAO) is produced through the chain growth and displacement process for producing petrochemically pure alpha olefins. But what happens below 40C? As oil volatilizes, the viscosity increase will result in poorer overall performance. The Scanning Brookfield chart on this page demonstrates the difference in viscometrics between a Synfluid PAO and a pour point depressed mineral oil. xmp.did:00801174072068118083E936383AAE83 These include the tendency to shrink seals and trouble dissolving common oil additives. Chemical kinetics tell us that if you reduce the temperature, you will reduce the reaction rate. To improve seal compatibility of PAO-based lubricants, an ester is added to the formulation to add some polarity. DuPont, the DuPont Oval Logo, and all trademarks and service marks denoted with , or are owned by affiliates of DuPont de Nemours, Inc. unless otherwise noted. default We make the petrochemical solutions found in products of all kinds with purpose, collaboration and care. 142 0 obj
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Use of WGHFs increased tremendously due to the publication of the Luxembourg Report in 1961, outlining minimum standards for hydraulic fluid fire-resistance in European coal mines. Chemical Compatibility Guide 0000034289 00000 n
Chemical Compatibility Guide endobj The lower volatility decreases oil replacement costs by reducing oil consumption. 99 0 obj PAOs are used extensively in automotive fluids as well as hydraulic, gear and bearing oils, working in extremely cold climates or hot applications. There are distinct advantages in volatility and low-temperature viscosity. Please dont hesitate to reach out to us if you have any questions! 101 0 obj Specific tests such as the Volkswagen T-4, TDI and Peugeot TU-5 have increased the demand for higher-quality base oils. Let us help you. Polyolefins, including poly (ethylene), poly (-olefin), poly (styrene), and poly (dienes), are the most widely-used polymer materials. The use of mineral oil-based lubricants in the world, however, is decreasing. When you compound this with difficult operating conditions, such as extreme temperatures, high loads or extended operations, a high-quality base oil may be necessary. You can see a medical doctor for your burn, but Dr. Ken Hope can help with your base oil and formulation challenges. hak1YmPaZI>BYzW+d~2^!dVQ ," #@^Ht 9@}VNJ ,kmLrVT U$^H-1' fMH]T U #5o=EmWae4/nW7fg9on_~mSPI_L7borVsezS[uWdg[]]>oo.o7t|xsMU/ojy4i_[u;cJ~Oz5wj1S5"b!CBd2$U3@Rb'EsHd*DzHWcucC=d8tl=d8,trSdx}=dXY>BR>!GB=dph\Wg0?0. Not Available - Chemical compatibility information is not available at this time. Buna-N Satisfactory for "O . Additionally, PAOs have high viscosity indices, which lead to less film thickness reduction at elevated temperatures. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 160 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 792.0 612.0]/Type/Page>> Because of this extensive chemical compatibility, which spans considerable concentration and temperature ranges, . However, these products have demonstrated unique advantages in Sequence IIIF, VW T4 and TDI tests due to many of the other properties that are inherent in them. Give us a call to discuss how Synfluid PAOs can withstand the pressure in your hydraulic applications. Copyright 2023 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC. The superior low-temperature flow characteristics of PAOs ensure faster coating of critical parts in the compressor during startup, minimizing wear. Two major types of synthetic basestockspolyalkylene glycols (PAG) and polyalphaolefin (PAO)and the lubricants formulated from them, will be compared. JFIF Adobe d ##''$ %'% $('++++'()02520)7;;;;7;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
""2(! Well be happy to help you solve your lubricant concerns. Our unique PAO 2.5cSt further improves flash/fire points by as much as 10 percent over other commercial polyalphaolefins. Polyalphaolefins offer great high temperature properties and low volatility. 0000021835 00000 n
The VI of PAOs typically only varies one to two points. What is most interesting, however, is the low-temperature performance: The C10-based PAO 6 has the lowest pour point by over 20C, but the CCS viscosity for the C12-based PAO 5 and 7 blend is better. ]-]jW|^X^=E^7J3kgI%_9+v}Fwq{r9
*d(C>~z|7X#o!9lwu{^1se9),7v)mE,wa?t3 a$X{wzVAw}E^:5--_OXY+. This lowers their volatility, creates less hydrocarbon tailpipe emissions and raises the flash point. As a result, the jump in the viscosity adversely effects the ability to pump at low temperatures. <>>> H|%
`\ml emt8uHJs;7W*"_?~o~O? The chart differentiates the blending capabilities of various base oils to meet energy-efficient motor oils. trailer
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The most favorable performance is achieved by using the highest-quality base oils. European specifications, as well as those in other regions, are expected to tighten. Defense Daily subscriber and registered users, please log in here to access the content. The vast number of high-quality base oil choices can be daunting when trying to balance fuel efficiency and wear protection. %PDF-1.5
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endstream Business never stands still, but you can always count on dependable Chevron Phillips Chemical Synfluid PAOs. End-users must first select a lubricant based upon its intended application, such as engine oil, transmission oil, hydraulic oil, wire rope lubricant, electric motor grease, etc. 176 0 obj Use of PAG-based fluids and lubricants began to extend to other applications, first to quenchants and textile lubricants, then to many other lubricant categories, including anhydrous fire-resistant fluids, gear, compressor, and turbine fluids. Lack of mineral oil solubility is a barrier to expanded use of PAG-based lubricants. REFERENCEPAGES 1-800-833-7958 www.geotechenv.com fax303-322-7242 sales@geotechenv.com ChemicalCompatibilityTable For All Non-Metals For Metals R=Resistant E<2milsPenetration/Year Satisfactory to 72 F. 3. Dominant in a commercial sense are polyethylene and polypropylene. These advantages show that PAOs address problems other fluids cannot. P.V.C. More importantly, however, was product performance. Eight standard model Portable Liquid Chillers and ten standard model PAO Carts. 0000001211 00000 n
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However, Synfluid PAOs can be formulated to be biodegradable and are well known for standing out from conventional base oils. 0000000891 00000 n
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Were here to help. 0000140193 00000 n
To improve fuel economy, OEMs are moving toward lower-viscosity oils, even in heavy-duty diesel engines. We look forward to helping you consolidate your grease cabinet! endobj These compounds are not discernable in Synfluid PAOs. Improved equipment efficiency and energy savings. The information listed in parentheses is D-1418 nomencalture, common acronyms or common trade names. The lighter components cause poorer volatility properties as well as lower flash and fire points. PPDs act only on linear or waxy compounds, and these characteristics are absent from PAOs. Synthetic lubricants can meet these demands because they perform better than mineral oil-based lubricants in many or all the critical performance areas: reduced wear and friction, resistance to sludge formation, lower volatility, greater corrosion protection, and improved thermal and oxidative stability. PAG basestocks are synthetic polymers manufactured using a polymerization process that combines monomers ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and butylene oxide (BO) singly as homopolymers or in combinations to form a growing chain from a nucleophilic starter molecule, commonly an alcohol. Chemical Compatibility Chart (cont.) The second step is the hydrogenation of the remaining double bonds (unsaturation) in the oligomer and subsequent distillation to separate the unreacted monomer and light-viscosity grade PAO. The ability of a lubricant to reach critical metal-to-metal interfaces in a gear system can be the difference between operation or shutdown. Our sustainability strategy encompasses the concerns and issues identified by our stakeholders and we are committed to addressing these issues. The tests used below were the Cold Cranking Simulator for high shear (about 10-1 sec-1) and Brookfield viscosity for low shear (about 2 sec-1) each measured at -20C. Lowering torque reduces the energy requirements of the equipment and improves grease distribution. Other base oil properties need to be considered. The information from such third party sources is believed to be reliable and accurate; however, Purchaser should make its own determination of compatibility before using any SpillTech product. 2013-07-10T14:05:23-05:00 With todays oils requiring a higher-quality lubricant basestock to meet more stringent tests, polyalphaolefins are perfectly tailored and consistently manufactured to meet the challenge. Polyalphaolefin (PAO) is manufactured through a synthetic chemical process that originates from ethylene. Heres an overview of our production process: Copyright 2023 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC. After all, the reason a PAO is selected as a lubricant basestock is its ability to improve performance and solve problems. Finally, greater oxidative stability extends oil life and keeps the compressor clean for a longer service interval. You see, PAOs are carefully designed, not refined. In addition, low viscosity SpectraSyn PAO products are hydrolytically stable, have good compatibility with mineral oils and are frequently combined with other synthetic basestocks (e . Furthermore, these new formulations allow a range of ISO viscosity grades. PAO-based lubricants generally resist creep and water washout and offer good lubricity across a variety of substrate material pairings, including metal-to-metal and metal-to-plastic. uuid:df0b74fe-2082-ca4e-860d-fb6b88ddfe4d There are multiple considerations when determining the best synthetic lubricant for a particular application, but knowledge of the general properties of the synthetic lubricant types being considered is the starting point. Focusing on the components of the additive package can further influence the performance of the formulation. Lower-viscosity PAOs have a unique property of biodegradability. A drop-in replacement for petroleum, it's used in countless applications in many industries. PAG lubricant basestocks can be designed to be water-soluble, water-insoluble (partial mineral oil compatibility), or oil-soluble, depending on the selection of starter molecules and monomers to be used in producing the polymer. However, PAOs can help. It is possible to get added property benefits from C12-based Synfluid PAOs. Polyolefin. Driveline specifications continue to become more stringent. Polyalphaolefin (PAO) is manufactured through a synthetic chemical process that originates from ethylene. To help you optimize your application, Chevron Phillips Chemical offers a wide variety of PAOs delivering oxidative and thermal stability advantages. Meet new original equipment manufacturer and industry standard requirements. Why does this happen? The most favorable performance is achieved by using the highest-quality base oils. Low-viscosity Synfluid PAOs are both NSF H1 and HX-1 registered. This Chemical Compatibility Chart is a shorthand tool for describing the suitability of miniature fluidic and pneumatic component materials for use in contact with various chemicals. The results indicate that the CSC 980 Tan grease has a running torque of 3.77 N-m versus 10.9 N-m for the same grease with an alternate base oil. PAOs derived from 1-dodecene can improve many properties, including volatility. Were a company with deep-rooted values, and were looking for people like you to join our team. Fluids are typically subjected to various shear and temperature conditions. <<264FCCC095A7AD46A42A03D56AD5B96C>]>>
Whether its transportation or industrial lubes, greater fuel efficiency means lower operating costs. Jun 09, 2022. polyalphaolefin compatibility chart . The chart below shows how Synfluid PAOs can help meet these challenges with the excellent volatility properties of our PAO 5, 7 and 9 cSt grades. The advantages offered in oxidative stability, coupled with superior volatility and low-temperature viscometrics, clearly demonstrate that Synfluid PAOs are the highest-quality base oils available in the industry. Research at the U.S. '0v^ Ln 1qDP]C[,z[v(u_g.Fh{K>8rI,[GV&mE}^ 9S87PGgT
hO"4=]3JVp ZmU[@=ocLV]P *y`# dY'!3!IP0O. In our experience, some commercially available additive packages are designed to take better advantage of a specific base stock. With regard to performance, PAOs are able to maintain excellent thermal and oxidative stability as well as the low-temperature benefits they are known for. Use our Chemical Compatibility Chart as guide for evaluating the resistance of polymer and metal materials to a wide range of chemicals found in industrial . endobj xb```f``5``c`X% @kVTW(4n5@,6$
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Furthermore, PAOs are H-1 approved for incidental food contact and have good organoleptic properties, which broaden the range of end-use applications for metals. If you would like us to test your formulation or have questions about our formulating experience, give us a call. 0000161553 00000 n
To correctly identify what type of fluid is needed, the end-user must know the minimum lubricant requirements for that piece of equipment. Increased Recreational Boating Activities to Fuel Marine Lubricants Demand in the U.S. Biosynthetic Technologies Announces The Launch Of A New Line Of Oleo Derived Additives For Metalworking Fluid Applications, Fluitec Becomes World's First Industrial Lubricant Company to Achieve B Corp Certification, Unboxing: Mystik JT-9 LeakShield AW Hydraulic Oil, FS9V4 Particle Pal Plus w/ Atten2 Particle Counting & ID Technology, Shell Turbine Oil with Gas To Liquid Technology (Turbo S4 X & GX), Why machines fail and what you can do to prevent it, Developed in the 1930s; first commercial engine oils in 1970s, Made from ethylene gas; still crude oil/natural gas dependent, Higher temperature resistance than mineral oil, PAO up to approximately 160C (320F) continuous service; 270C (520F) intermittent, No wax content, therefore best low temperature of all synthetics (approximately minus 50C to minus 60C or minus 70F), Higher VI (approximately 130 to 140) than mineral oil (nearly 100), Less volatile than mineral oil (higher flash point, less flammable, lower hydrocarbon emissions), Polyalphaolefin base oil not necessarily less wear than mineral base oil (additive-dependent property), Problems very non-polar (low natural solvency, additive solubility, lower lubricity and, Must blend in 5 to 20 percent ester base oil for seal swell, additive solubility and lubricity, Costs four times more than mineral oil, less than other synthetics. The latest news, content and events about our company, initiatives, markets and products. xref
The effects of the shear rate differences are even more exaggerated at low-temperature startup conditions, when the lubricant function is critical for equipment protection. M/ B#z9lBGaB=]yz!sG !*, general guideline for pump material selection, from application/x-indesign to application/pdf. A grease formulated with Synfluid PAO and OMGs Calciplex grease precursor could yield a multipurpose product, which allows for consolidation of your grease inventory. Synfluid PAOs have helped you to meet industry specifications in the past. <> PAOs help meet and exceed the formulation requirements necessary in a wide variety of specifications, including Allison TES-295, Eaton PS-162 and Mil-2105. 0000000724 00000 n
In drivetrain lubricants, reducing the traction coefficient and lowering viscosity are key ways to increase fuel economy, but lower viscosity must be balanced to provide adequate wear resistance. No matter what the combination of additive or base oil, one thing is certain: When you begin with a higher-quality base oil, you will achieve a better formulation in the end. 2 shows the flow chart for producing Cu nanolubricants. @0NI$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$'I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$L$I$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$IJI$RI$I%)ekvEJX'I$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJL'I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI2tI%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RID4>))I$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I*4V~u. Polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and polyalphaolefin (PAO) are two synthetic lubricant options for industrial applications.