Intra- Position client in sitting position, while leaning over Less commonly, the medical situation might require the person to be lying down. 3. infection. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Thoracentesis is a respiratory procedure performed with the aim of removing pleural effusion. You may need to not do strenuous physical Full Document, Experiment_Linear Heat Conduction_Group_14(2).docx, Stones accepts Giddens concept of strategic conduct analysis renaming it agents, Copy_of_Honors_Chemistry_Test_1_Objectives_2019, Real Estate - East Nashville(Group 11).pptx, 0 2182015 NA 0 2182015 Arizona 0 2182015 Eastern Time 0 2182015 Eastern Time 0, 6 Group expertise Does the group have expertise in this decision making area The, 13 There is a bacteria cell in a Petri dish The cell reproduces at a rate of per, Which statements are true about TCP and UDP Choose all that apply a TCP is, Due Oct 28 by 4am Points 0 Submitting a file upload Complete the reading to prepare for the day and identify 3 priority client interventions for a client with acute myeloid leukemia. Full Document. It is most often used to diagnose the cause of pleural effusion, the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. What Is Thoracentesis?Purpose of Thoracentesis. Pain medicine may be given.Antibiotics help fight or prevent an infection.Breathing treatments may help open your airways so you can breathe easier. The edge of bone is echogenic and gives off a characteristic shadowing. Shortness of breath. The ideal position for the patient is to sit upright leaning forward. are not able to sit, you may lie on your side on the edge of the Youll breathe easier afterward. The needle or tube is removed when the procedure is completed. If there is any doubt, pleural fluid should be sent for diagnostic analysis (see below); in practice, diagnostic analysis is almost always necessary. When the area is numb, the healthcare provider will put a needle The good news is that serious complications are relatively rare, especially when healthcare providers are experienced and use ultrasound guidance to perform the procedure. This can help reduce the risk of a potential complication, like pneumothorax. Using an inhaler? l"`kr:c?L-u Pleural effusion can be dangerous if left untreated. Dont hesitate to ask your healthcare provider about any concerns you have. This is called the pleural space. If you cant sit, you can lay on your side instead. Find more COVID-19 testing locations on Maryland.gov. 5 0 obj If youre unable to sit, you can lie on your side. 1. Before the thoracentesis, your healthcare provider will talk to you about all your medical conditions, perform a physical exam, and assess your health. 2. Respiratory diagnostic procedures. Client should remain absolutely still (risk of A thoracentesis allows your lungs to expand fully so you can breathe more easily. Thoracentesis may also be used as a treatment to help relieve symptoms of an effusion. Thoracentesis, also known as a pleural tap, is a procedure performed to remove excess fluid or air from your pleural space. - to destroy and excise lesions. -auscultate lungs space is the thin gap between the pleura of the lung and of the inner chest This allows excess fluid to continue to be removed continuously. View Yes, youre awake during a thoracentesis procedure. and pain. - removal of foreign bodies and secretions from tracheobronchial tree. robert warwick imdb; beyerdynamic dt 177x go reddit; Categoras. One of the many etiologies of dyspnea in the emergency department is a pleural effusionan abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space. It is performed Live Course Registration; Live Course Description; Live Course Locations; CME Information; Course Agenda the procedure. study/diagnostic-medical-sonography/ Complete the ATI TEAS AH (Allied Health) program pre-entrance exam with a competitive score prior to March 1st. Blood clots in your lungs (pulmonary embolism). doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.45, Schildhouse R, Lai A, Barsuk JH, et al. This is done under the guidance of an ultrasound that gives visualization on the pleural area. Complications can include pneumothorax, puncture of lung tissue, cystic masses, empyema or mediastinal structures. Thoracentesis is done either to relieve your symptoms or to test the fluid around your lungs (or both). If you Learn more: Vaccines, Boosters & Additional Doses | Testing | Patient Care | Visitor Guidelines | Coronavirus. This is particularly common in pleural effusions associated with malignancy. your healthcare provider says its OK. CPT 32555: Pleural space aspiration with imaging guidance utilizing thoracentesis, needle, or catheter. <> Few post procedure complications with proceduralists 5. The skin where the needle will be put in will be cleaned with an B. Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 10/03/2022. hypovolemia, or changes in mental status, Monitor puncture site for bleeding or Thoracentesis can be both diagnostic and therapeutic for the patient. Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Cross), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), ____________________________________________________________________, Chapter 63 Management of Patients with Neurologic Trauma, Chapter 11 Shock, Sepsis, and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, Adv Medsurg Notes - SKM dysrhthmias and critical situations, Hesi Med Surg Study Guide - Hematemesis Information Nursing Processes, Introduction to Biology w/Laboratory: Organismal & Evolutionary Biology (BIOL 2200), Organic Chemistry Laboratory I (CHM2210L), Biology: Basic Concepts And Biodiversity (BIOL 110), Curriculum Instruction and Assessment (D171), Introduction to Christian Thought (D) (THEO 104), Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461), Advanced Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions (NUR 4904), Principles Of Environmental Science (ENV 100), Operating Systems 2 (proctored course) (CS 3307), Comparative Programming Languages (CS 4402), Business Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083), 3.4.1.7 Lab - Research a Hardware Upgrade, General Chemistry I - Chapter 1 and 2 Notes, TB-Chapter 16 Ears - These are test bank questions that I paid for. form.Gather all needed supplies.Obtain preprocedure x-ray upright A thoracentesis can help diagnose congestive heart failure, tuberculosis, cancer, and other diseases. Ultrasound may also be used during the procedure to guide needle insertion. distended neck veins, asymmetry of the Detailed analysis of the fluid in a lab can help identify the source of your problem. The name derives from the Greek words thorax ("chest") and centesis ("puncture"). Sometimes thoracentesis can be used for diagnosis and therapy simultaneously, to provide immediate symptom relief while narrowing in on a diagnosis. Safe and effective bedside thoracentesis: a review of the evidence for practicing clinicians. If you are having a diagnostic thoracentesis, your fluid will be sent to the lab for analysis. anesthetic medicines (local and general), Take any medicines, including prescriptions, over-the-counter Current Emergency Diagnosis and Treatment. falls due to hypovolemia, Pre-procedureExplain procedure, obtain consent form Thoracentesis is a safe procedure with low risk for complications. Typically, a healthcare provider will perform the thoracentesis, with nurses assisting before and after the procedure. THORACENTESIS ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE-THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURE.pdf 1 Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures_Managing an Arterial Line.pdf 1 Chest Tube.pdf 1 ALT infection control.docx 2 chest tubes.pdf 1 COPD.pdf 1 homework View More Related Q&A PN pharmacology 2020 ATI proctored assessment exam Q&A to make sure your lungs are OK. After the procedure, your blood pressure, pulse, and breathing will be Ask will be put in place of the needle and the tubing will be attached late paracentesis. hospital gown to wear. Chlorhexidene swabs 3. Pleural fluid testing involves removing a sample of this fluid so that it can be analyzed using one or more laboratory methods. Procedure technique: 1. What Are the Symptoms of Metastatic Breast Cancer? Ask questions if diagnostic evaluation, instill medication into the pleural space, and remove fluid (effusion) or air from the pleural space for Healthcare providers are also very cautious in giving thoracentesis in people with certain lung diseases such as emphysema or in people receiving ventilator support. S[N)?lM\i(VJ0u89KI(;(^ug]<2'P4lY.oG7P`WGS'@'!9_]`E endstream endobj 5 0 obj << /Font << /F1 33 0 R /F2 61 0 R /F3 90 0 R /F4 17 0 R /F5 45 0 R /F6 68 0 R /TT1 55 0 R /F7 92 0 R /F8 9 0 R /F9 29 0 R /F10 27 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ExtGState << /GS1 78 0 R /GS2 62 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs8 47 0 R >> >> endobj 6 0 obj << /S /D /St 222 >> endobj 7 0 obj << /Subtype /Type1C /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 723 >> stream You will also need to plan time for monitoring afterward. A thoracentesis is a minimally invasive procedure that involves a doctor removing fluid or air from the pleural space around your lungs with a A thoracentesis. It also relieves pressure on your lungs, making it easier to breathe. Salmonella Ati: 42900587: teriflunomide 14 MG Oral Tablet [Aubagio] . bandage or dressing will be put on the area. Close proximity to staff physicians & in protocol-defined environments 2. Do you need to be NPO before thoracentesis? -assess site for bleeding Adult Health-1 - All ATI BOOK Questions (Exam-1) (Session - March 2019) This Notes covers ATI Book Unit-3 (Respiratory Disorders), Unit-4 (Cardiovascular Disorders), and Unit-6 (Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance) ATI UNIT-3 RESPIRATORY DISORDERS Ch-17 Respiratory Diagnostic Procedures A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a thoracentesis. People need to be monitored after getting thoracentesis, even if they are having the procedure as an outpatient. Autoimmune disease. between the ribs in your back. Risks are usually minor and may include pain and bleeding at the procedure site. New-onset ascites - Fluid evaluation helps to The procedure may also be called a "chest tap." It is normal to have a small amount of fluid in the pleural space. Not appreciating that the lung is a moving structure. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020354/), (https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/how-to-do-pulmonary-procedures/how-to-do-thoracentesis). Thoracentesis Before thoracentesis is performed, a chest x-ray will usually be ordered to confirm the presence of a pleural effusion and to establish the precise location. Excess fluid in the pleural space The patient should be positioned appropriately. Many people have fluid on their lungs that keeps coming back because of an underlying medical condition. The space between these two layers is called the pleural space. (Fig. : an American History (Eric Foner), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. -chest trauma pre: percussion, auscultation, radiography or sonography used to leffusion. You may have a chest X-ray taken right after the procedure. Failure to identify the deepest pocket of fluid, Failure to identify the diaphragm, avoiding intra-abdominal injury, Failure to use this diagnostic tool for all thoracentesis procedures. Removal of this fluid by needle aspiration is called a thoracentesis. View more information about myVMC. This is the nursing care plan for the bronchoscopy procedure. Wheezing is a narrowing of the airways and indicates that the medication has not been effective. Recurrent episodes of binge-eating and BOTH: Eating a larger amount of food in a short period of time than normal Air or fluid buildup may make it hard for you to breathe. Thoracentesis is performed under local anesthesia by a provider at the clients bedside, in a procedure room, or in a provider's office. The D. Benzocaine spray is administered for a bronchoscopy, not a thoracentesis. J Thorac Dis. The fluid will drain Pleural tap / Thoracentesis Consent Explain the procedure including relevant risks (pneumothorax, bleeding, infection) Obtain and document written consent where possible Online patient information leaflet on pleural effusion may be of use Indications Diagnostic tap: unilateral pleural effusion for a day or two. The pleural space is the small space between your lungs and your chest . *Bleeding Thoracentesis uses imaging guidance and a needle to help diagnose and treat pleural effusions. You may get an infection in your wound, or in the lining of your abdomen. Monitor vital signs espaecially BP, pulse (risk hypovolemia)Maintain bed rest You can plan to wear your usual clothes. A needle is put through the chest wall into the pleural space. Dont hesitate to ask if you have any questions about how the procedure works or how to best interpret the results from your procedure. What to expect when undergoing this test or treatment. Parenting information is available at Parenthub.com.au, The Medical System Bulk Billing & Medicare. Diagnostic Criteria: Anorexia Nervosa. wall. *Infection ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES CONSIDERATIONS Nursing Interventions (pre, intra, post) INTRODUCTION. It also allows time for questions to clarify information and Talk about any Some causes of pleural effusion are serious and require prompt treatment. location of the fluid to be removed. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Paracentesis is a procedure in which a needle or catheter is inserted into the peritoneal cavity, to obtain ascitic fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. If diagnostic purpose remove less than 100 ml of fluid from the pleural cavity. intra: assist provider with procedure, prepare client for feeling of pressure, How is it used? All that extra fluid may make you feel short of breath. - allergies/anticoagulant use. serum liver enzyme levels a nurse manager is preparing to teach a group of newly licensed nurses about effective time management. Start studying Comprehensive ATI 2019 B. b. Thoracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid or air from around the lungs. What is thoracentesis. 4=m5(Sz0VBUk2 ^qSJp? Sometimes a diagnostic thoracentesis is inconclusive. The needle and catheter are used to drain the excess fluid in the area. The dressing over the puncture site will be checked for bleeding When enough fluid has been removed, the needle will be taken out. Post-Apply dressing over puncture site, check the dressing The depth of fluid may vary with inspiration and expiration. respiratory distress, cyanosis) Are you having the procedure for diagnosis, for therapy, or for both? c) Instruct the client to take deep breaths during the procedure. bacterial peritonitis. because the lungs cant inflate fully. Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Pulmonary Medicine. onset of chest pain and cyanosis. The best position for a thoracentesis is sitting up and resting on your arms on a table in front of you. Thoracentesis is a procedure that a provider uses to drain extra fluid from around the lungs (pleural space) with a needle. Some pleural effusions reoccur multiple times; sclerosing agents that induce scarring such as talc or tetracycline may be used to prevent recurrence. also be done to treat symptoms of pleural effusion by removing fluid. PROCEDURE NAME ____________________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________, Paracentesis is a procedure in which a needle or catheter is inserted into the peritoneal cavity If not, why not? Hematology+Medical oncology Diagnostic study note: 4076516: Study: 1541079: corticotropin: 19010309: water: 4046792: . Pulmonary function tests determines lung function measure lung volumes capacities diffusion capacity gas exchange flow rates airway resistance identifies disease Instructions for pulmonary function tests instruct client not to smoke six to eight hours prior to testing if client uses inhalers withhold 4 to 6 hours prior to testing ABG The People who are unable to sit still for the procedure are also not able to have it safely. % Serious complications are uncommon, but may include a collapsed lung or pulmonary edema, a condition in which too much pleural fluid is removed. J Hosp Med. chest wall, respiratory distress, sudden The sample of fluid that is drained from the effusion can be analysed for the presence of infectious agents such as bacteria, or for special cell types that may suggest malignancy, as well as various other factors which may provide clues to the cause. Appendicectomy & Appendectomy = same procedure, different terminology. Ask your provider how to manage any symptoms or side effects you have after the procedure, including pain, coughing or fluid leaking from the drainage site. You should be able to go back to your everyday activities, like work or school, as soon as you feel up to it. Doru Paul, MD, is board-certified in internal medicine, medical oncology, and hematology. At Another Johns Hopkins Member Hospital: Masks are required inside all of our care facilities, COVID-19 testing locations on Maryland.gov. Explore lung, breathing and allergy disorders, treatments, tests and prevention services provided by the Cleveland Clinic Respiratory Institute. -monitor for manifestations of pneumothorax Your healthcare provider may have other reasons to advise thoracentesis. Thoracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid or air from around the lungs. Your provider will let you know what they find and what it means for your health. : an American History (Eric Foner), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Stone CK, Humphries RL. Your healthcare provider may give you other instructions after the Results from a lab are usually available in 1 to 2 working days. -normal breath sounds Cleve Clin J Med. Thoracentesis is a procedure that a provider uses to drain extra fluid from around the lungs (pleural space) with a needle. Thoracentesis kit 2. ATI has the product solution to help you become a successful nurse. NCLEX Connection: Reduction of Risk Potential, Diagnostic Tests The tests done here may take a day or more to come back. The thoracentesis catheter was then threaded without difficulty. Amiodarone-induced loculated pleural effusion without pulmonary parenchymal involvement: a case report and literature review. Insert the needle along the upper border of the rib Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. 10 tips for encouraging sharing (and discouraging self-interest) this Christmas. to locate pleural effusion and to determine needle insertion Bluegrass Community and Technical College. : an American History, CWV-101 T3 Consequences of the Fall Contemporary Response Worksheet 100%, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1, Advanced Medical-Surgical Nursing (NUR2212). Thoracentesis to remove the excess air or fluid to Ease breathing, Thoracentesis Procedure Nursing Responsibilities Indications:- To relieve pain, dyspnoea, and symptoms of pressure, Emphysema, Malignant pleural effusion, For diagnosis e.g. Is chest radiography routinely needed after thoracentesis? Your provider may tell you avoid strenuous activities for 48 hours. 3). (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29991046/), Visitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information. Your provider uses a local anesthetic to numb the surrounding area. Your clinician can let you know about the specific results in your situation. Ultrasound-guided thoracentesis performed by radiologists has been shown to have fewer complications than blind thoracentesis. 2017;8(1):130133. U2L*Ump@)REwdMkEEbW5 0I`-zQG(4H= a_.\iK At home, you can go back to your normal diet and activities if instructed -pneumonia You may be asked to remove jewelry or other Diagnostic approach to pleural effusion. B: The periosteum is injected with the local anesthetic. Inside the space is a small amount of fluid. Diagnostic thoracentesis Indicated for almost all patients who have pleural fluid that is new or of uncertain etiology and is 10 mm in thickness on computed tomography (CT) scan, ultrasonography, or lateral decubitus x-ray (see figure Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion ) Which of the following findings should the nurse expect - Joint pain 18) A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of GERD about foods to avoid because they worsen the manifestations of GERD. Thoracentesis can help diagnose health problems such as: Congestive heart failure (CHF), the most common cause of pleural effusion Viral, fungal, or bacterial infections Cancer Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune disease Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) Some common tests that might be run on the fluid include the following: Other tests may be necessary under specific circumstances, like tests for tumor markers or tests for markers of congestive heart failure.. However, you might need to get medical imaging afterward if your symptoms suggest that you might have a complication from thoracentesis, such as shortness of breath or chest pain from a pneumothorax. Thoracentesis should not be done in people with certain bleeding (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28350729/). After cleansing the skin, place the fenestrated drape around the procedure site to create a sterile field and use the large s sterile drape to extend the sterile field. Percutaneous pleural biopsy (a procedure in which part of the pleural tissue is removed), Thoracoscopy (a procedure in which healthcare providers examine the lung surface). 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/thoracentesis.pdf). StatPearls. thoracentesis, medical procedure used in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the pleural spacethe cavity between the lungs and the thoracic cage. 12) A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for a thoracentesis to remove. Tell your provider if you have chest pains or feel short of breath or faint. Site marked and prepared with swabs of betadine. Sterile gloves . Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching - You will lean forward on the over bed table for this procedure. Some might require treatment, such as insertion of a chest tube if you get a large pneumothorax. Procedure steps for diagnostic thoracentesis (1) Sterilize a wide area surrounding the puncture site with chlorhexidine 0.05% (applied with vigorous scrubbing) or povidone-iodine 10% in circular fashion with adequate drying time. chest Other times, a person might not have any symptoms. A renal biopsy is used to obtain a segment of renal tissue, usually through a needle or another surgical instrument. Diagnostic thoracentesis is indicated for differential diag-nosis for patients with pleural effusion of unknown etiol-ogy. Thoracentesis is minimally invasive, which means your provider doesnt have to make large cuts in your tissue. If thoracentesis is being performed for symptom relief, as well as for use as a diagnostic test, it is important to be aware that there is a risk the effusion will reaccumulate. If mild sedation is being considered, intravenous (IV) medications should be administered to the patient in advance. Color flow doppler can help differentiate free-flowing effusion versus a hypoechoic mass. Reexpansion pulmonary edema after therapeutic thoracentesis. Ascitic fluid may be used to help, determine the etiology of ascites, as well as to evaluate for infection or presence of cancer, New-onset ascites - Fluid evaluation helps to, determine etiology, differentiate transudate, Maintain pressure at insertion site for several minutes and apply a, - Check vital signs, record weight, and measure abdominal girth, - Monitor temp every 4 hours for 48 hours, - Administer IV fluids or albumin as prescribed, - Assist patient into a comfortable position with HOB elevated to. Maher AlQuaimi. 2015 Feb;70(2):127-32. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206114, Mirrakhimov AE, Barbaryan A, Ayach T, et al. It depends on your condition and your thoracentesis diagnostic procedure ati 2022, You may also need any of the following after your procedure:A chest tube may be placed into your chest to drain extra fluid. The name derives from the Greek words thorax (chest) and centesis (puncture). Fluid in the pleural space appears anechoic and is readily detected above the brightly echogenic diaphragm when the patient is in a supine position. If you have a pleural effusion, you may need to have thoracentesis done to look for the cause or to make you more comfortable. Ultrasound allows the distinction between effusion and lung consolidations, and the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for pleural effusions is superior (93%), compared to auscultation (61%) and AP chest radiograph (47%), using chest CT as the reference standard. Used to evaluate the clients respiratory status by checking indicators such as. A chest tube, or a smaller drain with a curled end (pigtail catheter), stays inside your chest and drains fluid or air over a few days. Diagnostic thoracentesis, or aspiration of a pleural effusion, is done to look for a cause for the effusion. Will you have ultrasound guidance during your procedure? Call or see your healthcare provider if youve had a thoracentesis and have any of these symptoms: Thoracentesis is a common, low-risk procedure. During the procedure, most people sit while their heads and arms resting on a table. procedure, the expected bene ts, and the potential risks. Blood culture bottles 4. questions you have. A A small amount of fluid between these two layers helps them move smoothly past each other when your lungs get bigger and smaller as you breathe. The diagnostic thoracentesis procedure will use to determine the source of the fluid buildup. or other fluid. Incidence of pneumothorax is greatly reduced with the use of ultrasound (0.97% with ultrasound vs 8.89% without ultrasound).
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